Absolutely, new theories pop up all the time. Times Arrow, Steady-State Universe, Oscillating Universe, Eternal Inflation, just to name a few. And each of them have merit in some way or another. We just chose to stick to presenting on only the Big Bang, because the presentation could have gone on for hours. We didn’t even get to add everything we wanted about the Big Bang itself. Good question though, it is always best to explore other theories so that one can make the best decision.
That's a good question. It was actually a lot more people than you think, and a longer process. J. L. Gervais and B. Sakita (1971), Yu. A. Golfand and E. P. Likhtman (1971), and D.V. Volkov and V.P. Akulov (1972) independently rediscovered super symmetry in the context of quantum field theory. It wasn’t even discovered for the purpose in which we would have assumed. It wasn’t until 1974 that it became more widely accepted and applied to many different fields.
After the big bang there were about eight different eras. They are the Planck era , the GUT era , the Electroweak era , the Particle era, era of nucleosynthesis, era of nuclei, era atoms, and era of Galaxies.
I think I get what you mean. Firstly, no I don't believe it was luck for a second. So many things had to happen for the universe to be here today, and to have so many living organisms survive for so long. Similar to how if the earth was placed closer or further to the sun we wouldn't be able to survive, there are many different aspects of the Big Bang for me to believe it was luck or a coincidence. I tried to find a specific explanation but there are so many from so many distinguished astronomers that it is mostly speculation. A lot of it went over my head. But before the Bug Bang, there was nothing. No matter, no elements, no darkness even. When you try to picture nothing, you'll see either black or white. We will never experience nothing, and while so many circumstances had to play out exactly as they did for humans to be alive, I don't believe it was luck. The way I see it, if it was luck the universe was created, then there would have had to be past attempts, which we have no proof of as of yet. I hope this answered your question, it was a really good one!
I think I get what you mean. Firstly, no I don't believe it was luck for a second. So many things had to happen for the universe to be here today, and to have so many living organisms survive for so long. Similar to how if the earth was placed closer or further to the sun we wouldn't be able to survive, there are many different aspects of the Big Bang for me to believe it was luck or a coincidence. I tried to find a specific explanation but there are so many from so many distinguished astronomers that it is mostly speculation. A lot of it went over my head. But before the Bug Bang, there was nothing. No matter, no elements, no darkness even. When you try to picture nothing, you'll see either black or white. We will never experience nothing, and while so many circumstances had to play out exactly as they did for humans to be alive, I don't believe it was luck. The way I see it, if it was luck the universe was created, then there would have had to be past attempts, which we have no proof of as of yet. I hope this answered your question, it was a really good one!
according to the Big Bang the universe is forever expanding. What was going out with the earth during this time period? How has it changed with expansion over time?
Hey Adam, I don't quite understand your question. What was going on? with the earth during this time period? Which time period are you referring to? We have been expanding for billions of years, basically since the start of our universe according to some theories. So which one were you referring to? The galaxies further away are moving faster away from us, so as all the galaxies continue to expand, then in theory they will always continue to speed up. However, the galaxies are not moving through space, they are moving in space, because space is also moving. In other words, the universe has no center; everything is moving away from everything else. If you want to shoot me a quick reply and let me know which time period you are talking about, I would be more than happy to answer your question.
That is something I've wondered myself. Seeing as the big bang started at a singularity which exist at the core of black holes I thought it might be possible that our universe exists in the black hole of another universe and there are multiple universes that started from the big bang and are existing in the cores of our own black holes. I have done some research and have found that there are many theories of other universes and their existence. One theorist, Sir Roger Penrose, suggests that our universe's big bang is not the first but one of a series of cyclical big bangs or "aeons." Stephen Hawking also has his own take on the subject. He summarizes that events before the Big Bang, are simply not defined, because there's no way one could measure what happened at them. This kind of beginning to the universe, and of time itself, is very different to the beginnings that had been considered earlier. The Big Bang is a beginning that is required by the dynamical laws that govern the universe. It is therefore intrinsic to the universe, and is not imposed on it from outside. After reading several articles on the subject, I won’t say that it’s impossible, but if our Big Bang created all that it did, then how could there have been one in the past? It depends on what you believe the Big Bang created/did, on whether you could believe that there were other Big Bang’s in the past. This was a really good question, I enjoyed reading the articles I found relating to the topic.
Yes the time before and during the Planck era all four fundamental forces were unified. It's was during the GUT era that gravity split off into its own distinct force.
In the very beginning our universe was extremely dense and extremely hot. It was so hot that it reached 10^23 Kelvin. So with the universe being this hot, all the particles and elements existed as one because during this time the universe was so dense that it was impossible for anything to be separate from anything else. It wasn't until the GUT era, and our universe began to cool down, that gravity broke off from the unification of the 4 forces to become its own distinct force, to my understanding anyways.
We can actually observe the Planck Era, due to the effect it had on our universe. During the early 70’s, a Russian physicist of the USSR Academy of Science proposed that the rapidly changing geometry of space during the Planck Era may have created all the matter, anti-matter, and radiation that existed soon after the Big Bang. We know there is such thing as a Planck Era, because it is what we use to describe the time prior to the GUT Era. Astronomers know that there was matter before the GUT Era, therefor, Planck Era. There are several reasons to support the Planck Era, and I haven’t found any substantial reasons to not back it, at least from what I know and have learned. Conditions may have been so extreme in the era that our current understanding of physics in not equipped to tell us much about it, but the fact that we know there is something from that period to learn, lets me know that the Planck Era did occur. Even if we cannot directly observe something, we can still draw conclusions from what we have observed over time. I hope this answered your question!
Are there any other Theories being examined concerning the beginning of the universe?
ReplyDeleteBy the way, it was an excellent presentation.
DeleteAbsolutely, new theories pop up all the time. Times Arrow, Steady-State Universe, Oscillating Universe, Eternal Inflation, just to name a few. And each of them have merit in some way or another. We just chose to stick to presenting on only the Big Bang, because the presentation could have gone on for hours. We didn’t even get to add everything we wanted about the Big Bang itself. Good question though, it is always best to explore other theories so that one can make the best decision.
DeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteHow was the idea of supper symmetry discovered?
ReplyDeleteThat's a good question. It was actually a lot more people than you think, and a longer process. J. L. Gervais and B. Sakita (1971), Yu. A. Golfand and E. P. Likhtman (1971), and D.V. Volkov and V.P. Akulov (1972) independently rediscovered super symmetry in the context of quantum field theory. It wasn’t even discovered for the purpose in which we would have assumed. It wasn’t until 1974 that it became more widely accepted and applied to many different fields.
Deletehow many different eras were there after the big bang happened?
ReplyDeleteAfter the big bang there were about eight different eras. They are the Planck era , the GUT era , the Electroweak era , the Particle era, era of nucleosynthesis, era of nuclei, era atoms, and era of Galaxies.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteIs there a specific explanation that can explain why the Big Bang happened? Or was it just luck that our universe was created?
ReplyDeleteI think I get what you mean. Firstly, no I don't believe it was luck for a second. So many things had to happen for the universe to be here today, and to have so many living organisms survive for so long. Similar to how if the earth was placed closer or further to the sun we wouldn't be able to survive, there are many different aspects of the Big Bang for me to believe it was luck or a coincidence. I tried to find a specific explanation but there are so many from so many distinguished astronomers that it is mostly speculation. A lot of it went over my head. But before the Bug Bang, there was nothing. No matter, no elements, no darkness even. When you try to picture nothing, you'll see either black or white. We will never experience nothing, and while so many circumstances had to play out exactly as they did for humans to be alive, I don't believe it was luck. The way I see it, if it was luck the universe was created, then there would have had to be past attempts, which we have no proof of as of yet. I hope this answered your question, it was a really good one!
ReplyDeleteI think I get what you mean. Firstly, no I don't believe it was luck for a second. So many things had to happen for the universe to be here today, and to have so many living organisms survive for so long. Similar to how if the earth was placed closer or further to the sun we wouldn't be able to survive, there are many different aspects of the Big Bang for me to believe it was luck or a coincidence. I tried to find a specific explanation but there are so many from so many distinguished astronomers that it is mostly speculation. A lot of it went over my head. But before the Bug Bang, there was nothing. No matter, no elements, no darkness even. When you try to picture nothing, you'll see either black or white. We will never experience nothing, and while so many circumstances had to play out exactly as they did for humans to be alive, I don't believe it was luck. The way I see it, if it was luck the universe was created, then there would have had to be past attempts, which we have no proof of as of yet. I hope this answered your question, it was a really good one!
ReplyDeleteaccording to the Big Bang the universe is forever expanding. What was going out with the earth during this time period? How has it changed with expansion over time?
ReplyDeleteHey Adam, I don't quite understand your question. What was going on? with the earth during this time period? Which time period are you referring to? We have been expanding for billions of years, basically since the start of our universe according to some theories. So which one were you referring to? The galaxies further away are moving faster away from us, so as all the galaxies continue to expand, then in theory they will always continue to speed up. However, the galaxies are not moving through space, they are moving in space, because space is also moving. In other words, the universe has no center; everything is moving away from everything else. If you want to shoot me a quick reply and let me know which time period you are talking about, I would be more than happy to answer your question.
DeleteHave other Big Bangs happened before?
ReplyDeleteThat is something I've wondered myself. Seeing as the big bang started at a singularity which exist at the core of black holes I thought it might be possible that our universe exists in the black hole of another universe and there are multiple universes that started from the big bang and are existing in the cores of our own black holes. I have done some research and have found that there are many theories of other universes and their existence. One theorist, Sir Roger Penrose, suggests that our universe's big bang is not the first but one of a series of cyclical big bangs or "aeons." Stephen Hawking also has his own take on the subject. He summarizes that events before the Big Bang, are simply not defined, because there's no way one could measure what happened at them. This kind of beginning to the universe, and of time itself, is very different to the beginnings that had been considered earlier. The Big Bang is a beginning that is required by the dynamical laws that govern the universe. It is therefore intrinsic to the universe, and is not imposed on it from outside. After reading several articles on the subject, I won’t say that it’s impossible, but if our Big Bang created all that it did, then how could there have been one in the past? It depends on what you believe the Big Bang created/did, on whether you could believe that there were other Big Bang’s in the past. This was a really good question, I enjoyed reading the articles I found relating to the topic.
DeleteI thought that the splitting of the four forces occurred during the GUT era not the earlier Plank era. Is this correct?
ReplyDeleteYes the time before and during the Planck era all four fundamental forces were unified. It's was during the GUT era that gravity split off into its own distinct force.
DeleteWhy do the four forces become one at extreme temperatures?
ReplyDeleteIn the very beginning our universe was extremely dense and extremely hot. It was so hot that it reached 10^23 Kelvin. So with the universe being this hot, all the particles and elements existed as one because during this time the universe was so dense that it was impossible for anything to be separate from anything else. It wasn't until the GUT era, and our universe began to cool down, that gravity broke off from the unification of the 4 forces to become its own distinct force, to my understanding anyways.
DeleteHow do they know there was a planck era if it wasn't directly observed?
ReplyDeleteWe can actually observe the Planck Era, due to the effect it had on our universe. During the early 70’s, a Russian physicist of the USSR Academy of Science proposed that the rapidly changing geometry of space during the Planck Era may have created all the matter, anti-matter, and radiation that existed soon after the Big Bang. We know there is such thing as a Planck Era, because it is what we use to describe the time prior to the GUT Era. Astronomers know that there was matter before the GUT Era, therefor, Planck Era. There are several reasons to support the Planck Era, and I haven’t found any substantial reasons to not back it, at least from what I know and have learned. Conditions may have been so extreme in the era that our current understanding of physics in not equipped to tell us much about it, but the fact that we know there is something from that period to learn, lets me know that the Planck Era did occur. Even if we cannot directly observe something, we can still draw conclusions from what we have observed over time. I hope this answered your question!
DeleteWill we ever know for a fact the the Big Bang occurred? Will it ever no longer be a theory?
ReplyDelete